01.
10000 BCE
Fencing, the first instance of making barriers.
02.
8000 BCE
Walls of Jericho, Neolithic settlement fortifications, West bank.
03.
1750 BCE
Walls of Troy, defensive limestone fortifications, Turkey.
04.
600 BCE
Walls of Babylon, massive fortified walls, Iraq.
05.
400 BCE
Petra, rock-cut walls, Jordan.
06.
200 BCE
The Walls of Sana'a, an old inhabited city, Yemen.
07.
128 CE
The Pantheon, columned and domed structure, Rome.
08.
263 CE
The Roman Walls of Lugo, precise defensive walls, Spain.
09.
271 CE
Aurelian walls, line of city walls, Rome.
10.
400 CE
The Walls of Constantinople, massive Byzantine fortifications, Turkey.
11.
500 CE
Ellora Cave frescoes, ancient rock-cut murals, India.
12.
600 CE
Indian temple walls, intricate details and carvings on walls and columns.
13.
600 CE
Gwalior Fort, majestic carvings on fort wall, India.
14.
700 CE
Arabic Mural Wallpaper, ornate decorative wall art inspired by calligraphy.
15.
1000
Great Zimbabwe wall, stone masonry structure.
16.
1100
The Gothic Cathedral Walls, vertical walls with clerestory windows.
17.
1336
Musical columns in Hampi, resonant stone pillars, India.
18.
1400
Walls of Florence, Renaissance walls with religious frescoes, Italy.
19.
1443
Wall of Kumbhalgarh, extensive mountain fortifications, Rajasthan, India.
20.
1500
Jali wall- Mughal lattice screens.
21.
1500
European Printed Wallpaper, mass production of wallpaper.
22.
1561
Saint Basil's Cathedral, colourful domes and intricate frescoes, Moscow.
23.
1600
Riad Niches, decorative wall alcoves, Morocco.
24.
1638
Walls of Delhi, fortified by different rulers.
25.
1675
Canal House, Amsterdam- attics and aesthetics.
26.
1678
Hall of Mirrors, Palace of Versailles, France- reflective walls.
27.
1700
French Rococo Wallpaper, ornate, elaborate floral patterns.
28.
1815
The Quilted Leather Wall at The Connaught Bar, textured walls of luxury.
29.
1877
Casa Batlló, Barcelona, organic walls of Gaudi.
30.
1882
Sagrada Família, Barcelona, nativity, passion and glory facades.
31.
1885
Dingo Fence of south-east Australia, longest fence in the world.
32.
1889
The 3D Textured Wall at Hotel de Rome, Berlin.
33.
1900
Glass Partitions and Curtain Walls-Transparent, flexible space dividers.
34.
1926
Geodesic dome, geometrical structure without walls.
35.
1942
Auschwitz-Birkenau, concentration camp walls of agony, Poland.
36.
1952
Le Corbusier's Cité Radieuse, innovative modernist housing complex, Marseille.
37.
1958
The Atomium, iconic sculptural structure, Brussels.
38.
1961
Le Corbusier's Capitol Complex, modernist walls with primary colours, India.
39.
1965
Salk Institute for Biological Studies, minimalist design, California.
40.
1970
Times Square Electronic Billboards, media wall, New York.
41.
1972
The Nakagin Capsule Tower, modular, metabolist architecture, Tokyo.
42.
1973
Muralla Roja, labyrinthine design, Spain.
43.
1983
Kanchanjunga Apartments, walls with climatic openings, India.
44.
1985
Hundertwasserhaus, structures with irregular form, Vienna, Austria.
45.
1986
Lotus Temple, conceptual form and walls, New Delhi.
46.
1989
Vitra Campus, sculptural walls, Germany.
47.
1998
The Basket Building, mimicking walls, Ohio, USA.
48.
2000 CE
Sports Stadium Scoreboards, the first instance of live-action walls.
49.
2000 CE
Temporary Partition Walls in Disaster Relief.
50.
2001
The Eden Project, futuristic insulated biodomes, Cornwall, UK.
51.
2002
Microsoft Envisioning Center, interactive walls with augmented reality, Redmond.
52.
2003
The Mur Island, wall as a functional barrier and sculptural element, Austria.
53.
2003
Dubai Marina, skyscrapers as walls defining space.
54.
2004
Seattle Central Library, porous surface for lighting, Washington, USA.
55.
2007
The Oslo Opera House, interior cladding that reflects to exteriors, Norway.
56.
2007
BMW Brand Experience Center, touch-sensitive interactive screens, Munich.
57.
2009
The Living Wall at the Athenaeum Hotel, London-vertical Garden walls.
58.
2009
Mapungubwe Interpretation centre, walls of craftsmanship, South Africa.
59.
2009
The High Line, urban half walls with seating, New York City, USA.
60.
2010
The MAXXI - National Museum of 21st Century Arts, walls of fluidity, Italy.
61.
2011
The Mural Wall at Facebook Headquarters, Menlo Park.
62.
2012
The Geometric Tile Wall at The NoMad Hotel, New York.
63.
2012
The Shard, wall as a skyline defining element, London, UK.
64.
2012
The CCTV Headquarters, deconstructivist architecture, Beijing, China.
65.
2012
The ArcelorMittal Orbit, spiralling structure, London, UK.
66.
2014
Bosco Verticale, vertical green walls, Milan.
67.
2015
The Harbin Opera House, sweeping walls and ceilings, China.
68.
2015
The Broad, porous facade for lighting, California, USA.
69.
2016
The San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, contemporary art museum, USA.
70.
2016
The Oculus, futuristic, porous walls, New York City.
71.
2016
Elbphilharmonie, walls of acoustics and materiality, Germany.
72.
2017
The Wave, wave-like facade of handmade bricks.
73.
2017
Photovoltaic wall of Copenhagen International School, Denmark.
74.
2019
The Wave Wall at Changi Airport, dynamic installation, Singapore.
75.
2023
Gaurav Gupta Flagship store, walls that reflect designer’s style, Mumbai.
